
who/whom引导的定语从句的用法 who、 whom可以引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词, 在从句中分别充当主语和宾语(在非正式场合下, 除非紧跟于介词之后, who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom)。例如: 1. The visitor who came yesterday is Tom. 昨天来访的那个人是汤姆。(who引导修饰visitor的限定性定语从句, 并且在该从句中充当主语) 2. His friends, who had tried to dissuade him from smoking, did not succeed. 他的那些已经尽力劝阻他抽烟的朋友们并没有成功。(who引导修饰friends的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当主语) 3. First came Mary, whom few of us had expected. 首先来的是我们当中几乎没有人料到的玛丽。(whom引导修饰Mary的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当宾语, 这里的whom可以被who所代替) 4. He is John to whom you ought to address the request. 他是约翰, 你应该向他提出此项请求。(whom引导修饰John的非限定性定语从句并且在该从句中充当介词to的宾语, 这里紧跟于介词to之后的whom不可以被who代替) 注意: that引导限定性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时, 通常可以与who换用。不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。例如: The scientist who/that discovers a cure for cancer will be great. 发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而伟大。// Jim is the man with whom she talked. 跟她说过话的那个人是吉姆。 〔考题1〕 Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t. (2006北京) A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填 〔答案〕 C 〔解析〕 两个下划线处分别引导定语从句修饰表示人的women、 those, 并且在定语从句内部充当主语, 均应采用who的形式。 〔考题2〕 The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002北京春) A. where B. when C. which D. who 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 Who引导非限定性定语从句, 修饰先行词star。 〔考题3〕 He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 被who所引导的限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词是表达单数含义的“the only one”(of the students是the only one的后置定语), 题干中的“for three years”意味着应采用现在完成时表示已经赢得奖学金的情况, 因此本题只能选D。 〔考题4〕 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. (1992) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 “turn to sb. (for sth.)”是表示“(就某事或某物)求助于某人”的固定搭配。介词to必不可少, 可以紧跟介词to后引导定语从句, 修饰表示人的先行词person的关系代词只能是whom, 所以下划线处应是“to whom”的形式。 〔考题5〕 I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen. (2005) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 表示“在其中, ……之中的一部分”的含义, 应用介词of (from没有类似用法), 例如: several of my friends (我的几个朋友)、 one of them(他们中间的一个)。修饰先行词friends、 能够紧跟介词of表示“朋友中的一些(是生意人)”的关系代词只有whom, 所以本题只能选D。注意: 本题不选A是因为该形式不能引导定语从句, 填入下划线处会导致整个句子包含两个单独的、 缺乏连词连接的简单句(通常情况下这属于病句); 不选B是因为which通常不能引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词; 不选C是因为of放于who之后与some连用导致整个句子的意思难以理解。 〔考题6〕 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany. (2006辽宁) A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 〔答案〕 D 〔解析〕 第一个下划线处引导修饰students的定语, 不能采用动词原形而应用现在分词的形式, 据此直接排除选项A、 B; 第二个下划线处引导修饰students的定语从句, 用来补充说明students的情况, 由于them不能引导定语从句, 应直接排除C而选出D。 〔考题7〕 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南) A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 〔答案〕 B 〔解析〕 根据“give sth. to sb.”的搭配, 下划线处应以to whom的形式引导定语从句。Which不能引导定语从句修饰人, 所以A、 D应首先排除。
